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Study Mind OCR A-Level Biology 🧬🔬
A-Level Biology Study Guide
A-Level Biology Part 2 (Chapters 38-70)
A-Level Biology Part 1 (Chapters 1-37)
A-Level Biology Part 3 (Chapters 70-130)
A-Level Biology Part 4 (Chapters 130-180)
A-Level Biology Part 5 (Chapters 180-250)
A-Level Biology Part 6 (Chapters 250-306)
Study Mind Flashcards - OCR A-Level Biology
OCR A-Level Biology Flashcards (PDF)
OCR A-Level Biology Flashcards (Interactive)
OCR 2.1.1 Foundations in Biology - Cell Structure
OCR Specification - 2.1.1 Cell Structure
Structure of Prokaryotic Cells (14:14)
Studying Cells: Light Microscopes (5:48)
Studying Cells: Electron Microscopes (5:58)
Calculating Cell Size (6:19)
Magnification and Resolution (12:14)
OCR 2.1.2 Foundations in Biology - Biological Molecules
OCR Specification - 2.1.2 Biological Molecules
Biological Molecules (6:24)
Polymers (4:43)
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (8:23)
Carbohydrates: Disaccharides (5:11)
Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides (5:24)
Function of Polysaccharides (19:18)
Lipids and Triglycerides (4:20)
Ester Bonding (6:36)
Uses of Triglycerides (5:58)
Phospholipids: Introduction (3:04)
Phospholipid Bilayer (3:03)
Protein and Amino Acids: An Introduction (2:44)
Protein Formation (4:52)
Protein Structures: Primary and Secondary Structures (3:54)
Protein Structures: Tertiary and Quaternary Structures (9:50)
Protein Structures: Globular and Fibrous Proteins (5:28)
Testing for Carbohydrates (17:35)
Testing for Lipids and Proteins (9:35)
OCR 2.1.3 Foundations in Biology - Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
OCR Specification - 2.1.3 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Structure of Nucleotides (10:01)
Polynucleotides (6:03)
DNA Structure and the Double Helix (4:17)
DNA Replication (7:36)
Genes and Protein Synthesis (5:28)
Introducing the Genetic Code (5:25)
Features of the Genetic Code (15:46)
Messenger RNA (15:27)
Transcription (19:52)
Transfer RNA (13:38)
The Structure of ATP (1:51)
Epigenetics - DNA Methylation (3:09)
Epigenetics - Histone Modification (2:55)
Post-Transcriptional Regulation: RNA Interference (3:55)
OCR 2.1.4 Foundations in Biology - Enzymes
OCR Specification - 2.1.4 Enzymes
Enzymes: Introduction (5:36)
Enzymes: Key Concepts (8:23)
Enzymes: Mechanism of Action (9:39)
Enzymes: Intracellular and Extracellular Forms (4:44)
Enzymes: Rates of Reaction (41:23)
Enzymes: Inhibitors (12:38)
OCR 2.1.5 Foundations in Biology - Biological Membranes
OCR Specification - 2.1.5 Biological Membranes
Structure of Cell Membranes (10:28)
Factors Affecting Cell Membrane Structure (11:00)
Function of Cell Membranes (14:01)
Signalling Across Cell Membranes (8:12)
Transport Across Membranes: Diffusion (9:34)
Transport Across Membranes: Osmosis (11:12)
Investigating Transport Across Membranes (32:58)
Transport Across Membranes: Active Transport (15:56)
OCR 2.1.6 Foundations in Biology - Cell Division, Cell Diversity and Cellular Organisaton
OCR Specification - 2.1.6 Cell Division, Cell Diversity and Cellular Organisation
Eukaryotic Cells: Cell Specialisation (22:06)
Structure of Prokaryotic Cells (14:14)
Cell Division: Chromosomes (6:28)
Cell Division: The Cell Cycle (10:17)
Cell Division: Phases of Mitosis (16:08)
Cell Division: Checkpoints and Mutations (8:57)
Introduction to the Immune System (12:51)
The Xylem (6:24)
Importance of Meiosis (6:08)
Cell Division by Meiosis (23:48)
How Meiosis Produces Variation (12:02)
Chromosome Mutations (15:35)
Stem Cells and Differentiation (1:11)
Gene Expression in Differentiated Cells (4:19)
Types and Sources of Stem Cells (2:50)
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (1:23)
Uses of Stem Cells (3:52)
The Ethics of Stem Cell Use (3:34)
OCR 3.1.1 Exchange and Transport - Exchange Surfaces
OCR Specification - 3.1.1 Exchange Surfaces
General Features of Exchange Surface (3:03)
Structure of the Lungs (7:57)
Ventilation (3:47)
Pulmonary Ventilation Rate (6:21)
Lung Disease (11:56)
Gas Exchange in Insects (2:23)
Gas Exchange in Plants (1:25)
OCR 3.1.2 Exchange and Transport - Transport in Animals
OCR Specification - 3.1.2 Transport in Animals
Microbial Techniques (7:31)
The Need for Exchange Surfaces (2:59)
The Structure and Function of Blood Vessels (15:38)
Exchange in the Capillaries (11:44)
Transport of Oxygen (20:23)
Structure of the Heart (34:08)
OCR 3.1.3 Exchange and Transport - Transport in Plants
OCR Specification - 3.1.3 Transport in Plants
Introduction to Xerophytes (1:35)
Examples of Xerophytes (2:11)
The Pathways and Movement of Water into the Roots and Xylem (8:35)
Introduction to Transpiration (6:30)
Importance of and Evidence for Transpiration (4:09)
The Phloem (4:55)
Evidence of the Mass Flow Hypothesis (10:18)
OCR 4.1.1 Biodiversity, Evolution and Disease - Communicable Diseases, Disease Prevention and The Immune System
OCR Specification - 4.1.1 Communicable Diseases, Disease Prevention and The Immune System
Structure of Viruses (4:42)
Life Cycle and Replication of Viruses (3:51)
Pathogens and Infectious Diseases (17:47)
Primary Defences Against Pathogens (11:35)
The Innate Immune Response (7:03)
The Adaptive Immune Response (16:44)
Structure and Function of Antibodies (12:27)
Types of Immunity and Vaccination (16:24)
Bacteria, Antibiotics, and Other Sources of Medicines (11:31)
OCR 4.2.1 Biodiversity, Evolution and Disease - Biodiversity
OCR Specification - 4.2.1 Biodiversity
Introducing Biodiversity (6:58)
Biodiversity Calculations (9:54)
Factors Affecting Biodiversity (10:36)
Calculating Genetic Diversity (10:33)
Biodiversity and Gene Technology (6:42)
OCR 4.2.2 Biodiversity, Evolution and Disease - Classification and Evolution
OCR Specification - 4.2.2 Classification and Evolution
Types of Variation (14:52)
Mechanism of Natural Selection (19:19)
Types of Selection (14:22)
Classifying Organsims (5:41)
Phylogeny and Classification (4:25)
The Three Domain System (9:50)
Adaptations of Organisms (4:42)
OCR 5.1.1 Communication, Homeostasis and Energy - Communication and Homeostasis
OCR Specification - 5.1.1 Communication and Homeostasis
Thermoregulation (5:59)
The Resting Potential (11:36)
Principles of Homeostasis (6:52)
Negative Feedback (2:45)
Introduction to Communication Systems (4:15)
Hormones (1:42)
Mode of Action of Hormones (3:12)
OCR 5.1.2 Communication, Homeostasis and Energy - Excretion as an example of Homeostatic Control
OCR Specification - 5.1.2 Excretion as an example of Homeostatic Control
Principles of Homeostasis (6:52)
The Role of the Kidney (2:16)
The Structure of the Kidney (6:37)
Ultrafiltration (2:37)
Selective Reabsorption (4:07)
The Loop of Henle (3:21)
Producing Urine (6:38)
ADH and Water Potential (1:20)
Releasing ADH (1:39)
The Action of ADH (2:35)
Osmoregulation (4:40)
OCR 5.1.3 Communication, Homeostasis and Energy - Neuronal Communication
OCR Specification - 5.1.3 Neuronal Communication
Nervous Control (5:09)
Photoreceptors (3:34)
The Retina (3:10)
Depolarisation (6:12)
Depolarisation and Repolarisation in the Action Potential (11:48)
Hyperpolarisation and Transmission of the Action Potential (5:47)
All or Nothing Principle (4:00)
The Refractory Period (3:50)
Myelination (6:56)
Factors Affecting the Speed of Transmission (4:12)
The Structure of the Synapse (3:29)
Synaptic Transmission (6:00)
Inhibitory Synapses (4:31)
Features of Synapses (7:23)
OCR 5.1.4 Communication, Homeostasis and Energy - Hormonal Communication
OCR Specification - 5.1.4 Hormonal Communication
The Pancreas (3:29)
Action of Insulin (4:08)
Action of Glucagon (4:11)
Action of Adrenaline (3:48)
The Role of the Liver in Glucose Regulation (2:58)
Types of Diabetes (6:07)
Treating Diabetes (3:25)
OCR 5.1.5 Communication, Homeostasis and Energy - Plant and Animal Responses
OCR Specification - 5.1.5 Plant and Animal Responses
The Reflex Arc (5:57)
Plant Responses to Changes in the Environment (3:31)
Experiments to Show Phototropism (3:17)
Controlling Heart Rate (5:48)
The Neuromuscular Junction (10:42)
How Muscles Allow Movement (4:58)
The Structure of Mammalian Muscles (2:35)
Slow and Fast Twitch Muscles (3:02)
The Structure of Myofibrils (4:01)
The Role of Troponin and Tropomyosin (6:26)
The Ultrastructure of the Sacromere During Contraction (8:25)
Sources of ATP During Contraction (6:01)
OCR 5.2.1 Communication, Homeostasis and Energy - Photosynthesis
OCR Specification - 5.2.1 Photosynthesis
Overview of Photosynthesis (1:18)
Site of Photosynthesis (3:44)
Photosystems and Photosynthetic Pigments (2:25)
The 2 Stages of Photosynthesis (7:00)
OCR 5.2.2 Communication, Homeostasis and Energy - Respiration
OCR Specification - 5.2.2 Respiration
The Synthesis and Hydrolysis of ATP (3:05)
ATP as an Energy Source (3:17)
Roles of ATP (2:25)
The Krebs Cycle (6:29)
Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Electron Transport Chain (4:48)
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis (6:00)
Anaerobic Respiration (4:07)
Anaerobic Respiration in Mammals, Plants and Fungi (4:44)
OCR 6.1.1 Genetics, Evolution and Ecosystems - Cellular Control
OCR Specification - 6.1.1 Cellular Control
Factors Affecting Biodiversity (10:36)
Calculating Genetic Diversity (10:33)
Introduction to Mutations (5:16)
Types of Gene Mutations (5:34)
Duplication & Inversion Mutations (2:13)
Effects of Mutations on Protein Production (2:01)
The Evolutionary Effects of Mutations (5:04)
Chromosome Translocations (1:41)
Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes (3:38)
OCR 6.1.2 Genetics, Evolution and Ecosystems - Patterns of Inheritance
OCR Specification - 6.1.2 Patterns of Inheritance
Genotype & Phenotype (3:19)
Terms in Inheritance (3:09)
Genetic Crosses (7:28)
Monohybrid Crosses (2:14)
Monohybrid Crosses Codominance (2:50)
Dihybrid Crosses (3:11)
Autosomal Linkage (2:17)
Sex Linkage (5:23)
Introduction to Epistasis (1:59)
Types of Epistasis (2:08)
Introduction to the Chi Squared Test (1:34)
Using the Chi Squared Test (6:06)
Sources of Variation (2:45)
The Gene Pool (1:36)
Population Genetics (4:51)
Introducing the Hardy Weinberg Principle (1:32)
Using the Hardy Weinberg Principle (2:15)
Evolutionary Process in Small Populations (3:15)
OCR 6.1.3 Genetics, Evolution and Ecosystems - Manipulating Genomes
OCR Specification - 6.1.3 Manipulating Genomes
Transfer of Biomass (5:05)
Speciation (6:19)
Whole Genome Sequencing (2:32)
Comparing Genomes Between Individuals (6:21)
Genomes to Proteomes (1:22)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (4:26)
Gel Electrophoresis: Separation of DNA Fragments (4:06)
Gel Electrophoresis: Visualisation of DNA Fragments (2:20)
Isolating the Desired Gene (5:29)
Creating a Recombinant Plasmid (2:46)
Marker Genes (1:28)
Second Marker Genes: Antibiotic Resistance (1:29)
Benefits & Risks of GM Bacteria (1:52)
Gene Therapy (3:23)
OCR 6.3.1 Genetics, Evolution and Ecosystems - Ecosystems
OCR Specification - 6.3.1 Ecosystems
Trophic Levels (2:18)
Gross Primary Production (1:06)
Measuring Biomass (4:52)
Transfer of Biomass (5:05)
Sources of Biomass Loss (2:21)
Reducing Biomass Loss (4:00)
Introduction to Nutrient Cycles (2:35)
Nitrogen Cycle: Fixation and Ammonification (3:33)
The Phosphorus Cycle (8:25)
Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrification and Denitrification (2:57)
Components of Ecosystems (1:39)
Ecological Niches (1:56)
Population Growth (6:22)
Interactions Between Organisms (4:36)
Succession (4:27)
OCR 6.3.2 Genetics, Evolution and Ecosystems - Populations and Sustainability.
OCR Specification - 6.3.2 Populations and Sustainability
Managing Biological Resources (5:09)
Conservation and Preservation (4:08)
2022
184. Taxis and Kinesis (4:40)
190. Pacinian Corpuscle (2:52)
282. Types of Tumours (3:00)
283. Oncogenes (3:38)
284. Tumour Suppressor Genes (2:59)
285. Epigentics and Cancer (5:22)
286. Oestrogen & Breast Cancer (2:55)
287. Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cancer (2:49)
303. Principles of Genetic Screening (5:25)
304. Applications of Genetic Screening (2:55)
305. DNA Profiling (3:42)
306. Applications of DNA Profiling (3:50)
165. Respiration of Different Respiratory Substrates (1:36)
166. Respiratory Substrates (1:50)
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OCR Specification - 2.1.2 Biological Molecules
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