3.8.2.3 Types of Tumours

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A-Level Biology Study Guide

A-Level Biology Part 2 (Chapters 38-70)
A-Level Biology Part 1 (Chapters 1-37)
A-Level Biology Part 3 (Chapters 70-130)
A-Level Biology Part 4 (Chapters 130-180)
A-Level Biology Part 5 (Chapters 180-250)
A-Level Biology Part 6 (Chapters 250-306)

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Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids | A-Level Biology Live Classes #001

3.1 Biological Molecules (Content: Videos + Flashcards + Textbook)

1.1 Monomers and Polymers (5:40)
1.2 Carbohydrates (16:09)
1.3 Lipids (7:50)
1.4 Proteins (10:10)
1.5 DNA and RNA (10:32)
1.6 ATP (5:30)
1.7 Water (9:39)
1.8 Inorganic Ions (7:21)
3.1 Enzymes - Key Concepts (8:23)
3.1 Enzymes: Mechanism of Action (9:39)
3.1 Enzymes: Intracellular and Extracellular Forms (4:44)
3.1 Enzymes: Rates of Reaction (41:23)
3.1 Enzymes: Inhibitors (12:38)

3.1 Biological Molecules (Exam Technique: Examiner's Tips + Past Papers)

1.1 Monomers and Polymers
1.2 Carbohydrates
1.3 Lipids
1.4 Proteins
1.5 Nucleic Acids
1.6 ATP
1.7 Water
Want personalised help? Sign up for 1-1 Tutoring (2:34)

3.2 Cells (Content: Videos + Flashcards + Textbook)

2.1.1 Structure of Eukaryotic Cells (5:35)
2.1.2 Cell Organelles (27:06)
2.1.3 Structure of Prokaryotes and Viruses (8:25)
2.1.4 Methods of Studying Cells (18:48)
2.1.5 Cell Division, Cell Cyle and Mitosis (16:10)
2.1.6 Binary Fission and Viral Replication (4:17)
2.1.7 Investigating Mitosis (8:05)
2.1.8 Structures of Cell Membranes (15:54)
2.1.9 Transport Across Cell Membranes (21:42)

3.2 Cells (Exam Technique: Examiner's Tips + Past Papers))

2.1.1 Eukaryotic Cells
2.1.2 Organelles
2.1.3 Prokaryotes and viruses
2.1.4 studying cells
2.1.5 Cell Division
2.1.6 Binary Fission
2.1.7 Investigating Mitosis

3.2 Immunity

2.2.1 Antigens and Self Tolerance (8:39)
2.2.2 Phagocytosis (6:32)
2.2.3 Adaptive Immune Response (7:36)
2.2.4 Antibodies (9:41)
2.2.5 Types of Immunity and Vaccination (8:06)
2.2.6 HIV (9:32)

3.2 Immunity (Exam Technique: Examiner's Tips + Past Papers))

2.2.1 Antigen and Self Tolerance
2.2.2 Phagocytosis
2.2.3 Adaptive immunity
2.2.4 Antibodies
2.2.5 Immunity and Vaccinations
2.2.6 HIV

3.3 Exchange Between Organisms

3.1 Surface Area to Volume Ratio (5:06)
3.2a Gas Exchange (13:11)
3.2b Gas Exchange (20:31)
3.2c Gas Exchange (4:05)
3.3a Digestion and Transport (11:54)
3.3b Digestion and Transport (5:37)
3.3c Digestion and Transport (7:41)

3.3 Exchange between Organisms (Exam Technique: Examiner's Tips + Past Papers))

3.1 Surface area to volume ratio
3.2 Gas Exchange
3.3 Digestion and Absorption
3.4.1 Mass transport in animals
3.4.2 Mass Transport in Plants

3.4 DNA and Genes

4.1 DNA, Genes and Chromosomes (16:31)
4.2 DNA and Protein Synthesis (17:38)
4.3 Mutations (8:08)
4.4 Meiosis (15:27)
4.5 Evolution and Natural Selection (11:57)
4.6 Species and Taxonomy (13:12)
4.7 Biodiversity within a community (11:53)
4.8. Investigating Biodiversity (11:36)

3.4 Genetic information, variation and relationships (Examiner Tutorials)

4.1 Genes, DNA and Chromosomes
4.2 DNA and Protein Synthesis
4.3 Mutations
4.4 Genetic diversity and adaptationkey
4.5 Species and Taxonomy
4.6 biodiversity within a community
4.7 Investigating diversity

3.5 Energy transfers in and between organisms (A-level only)

5.1 Photosynthesis (33:10)
5.2 Respiration (33:36)
5.3 Energy and Ecosystems (14:20)
5.4 Nutrient Cycles

3.5 Energy transfers in and between organisms (Examiner Tutorials)

5.1 Photosynthesis
5.2 Respiration
5.3 Energy and Ecosystems
5.4 Nutrient Cycles

3.6 Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (A-level only)

6.1.1 Survival and Response (13:22)
6.1.2 Receptors (8:26)
6.1.3 Control of Heart Rate (9:38)
6.2.1 Nerve Impulses (14:52)
6.2.2 Synaptic Transmission (14:46)
6.3 Skeletal Muscle Effectors (15:39)
6.4.1 Principles of Homeostasis and Negative Feedback (17:37)
6.4.2 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration (22:50)
6.4.3 Control of Blood Water Potential (19:55)

3.6 Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (Examiner Tutorials)

6.1.1 Survival and Response
6.1.2 Receptors
6.1.3. Control of Heart Rate key
6.2.1 Nervous Impulses
6.2.2 Synaptic Transmission
6.3 skeletal muscles key
6.4.1 negative feedback
6.4.2 Blood Glucose
6.4.3 Control of Blood Water Concentration

3.7 Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems (A-level only)

7.1 Inheritance (18:49)
7.2 Populations (7:34)
7.3 Evolution may lead to speciation (19:23)
7.4 Populations in Ecosystems (21:48)

3.8.1 Translocations and Mutations

3.8.1 Introduction to Mutations (5:17)
3.8.1 Types of Gene Mutations (5:34)
3.8.1 Duplication and Inversion Mutations (2:13)
3.8.1 Effects of Mutations on Protein Production (2:02)
3.8.1 Evolutionary Effects of Mutations (5:04)
3.8.1 Chromosome Translocations (1:41)

3.8.2 Cell Differentiation

3.8.2.1 Stem Cells and Differentiation (1:11)
3.8.2.1 Gene Expression in Differentiated Cells (4:19)
3.8.2.1 Types and Sources of Stem Cells (2:51)
3.8.2.1 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (1:23)
3.8.2.1 Uses of Stem Cells (3:52)
3.8.2.1 The Ethics of Stem Cell Use (3:34)

3.8.2 Regulation of Transcription and Translation

3.8.2.2 Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes (3:38)

3.8.2 Gene Expression

3.8.2.2 Epigenetics - DNA Methylation (3:10)
3.8.2.2 Epigenetics - Histone Modification (2:55)
3.8.2.2 Post-Transcriptional Regulation: RNA Interference (3:55)

3.8.2 Gene Expression and Cancer

3.8.2.3 Types of Tumours (3:00)
3.8.2.3 Oncogenes (3:38)
3.8.2.3 Tumour Suppressor Genes (2:59)
3.8.2.3 Epigentics and Cancer (5:22)
3.8.2.3 Oestrogen and Breast Cancer (2:56)
3.8.2.3 Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cancer (2:49)

3.8.3 Sequencing and Comparing Genomes

3.8.3 Whole Genome Sequencing (2:32)
3.8.3 Comparing Genomes Between Individuals (6:21)
3.8.3 Genomes to Proteomes (1:22)

3.8.4 Recombinant DNA Technology

3.8.4.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction (4:27)
3.8.4.1 Gel Electrophoresis: Separation of DNA Fragments (4:06)
3.8.4.1 Gel Electrophoresis: Visualisation of DNA Fragments (2:20)

3.8.4 Genetic Engineering

3.8.4.1 Isolating the Desired Gene (5:29)
3.8.4.1 Creating a Recombinant Plasmid (2:46)
3.8.4.1 Marker Genes (1:29)
3.8.4.1 Second Marker Genes: Antibiotic Resistance (1:52)

3.8.4 Gene Therapy

3.8.4.1 Gene Therapy (3:23)

3.8.4 Genetic Screening

3.8.4.2 Principles of Genetic Screening (5:25)
3.8.4.2 Applications of Genetic Screening (2:55)

3.8.4 Genetic Fingerprinting

3.8.4.3 DNA Profiling (3:42)
3.8.4.3 Applications of DNA Profiling (3:50)

3.7 Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems (Examiner Tutorials and Past Papers)

7.1 Inheritance
7.2 Populations
7.3 evolution leading to speciation
7.4. populations in ecosystems key

3.8 The control of gene expression (Exam Technique: Examiner's Tips + Past Papers)

8.1 Alteration of base sequence
8.2.1 Most of the cells in the DNA is not translated
8.2.2 Control of transcription and translation
8.2.3 gene expression
8.3 Using genome projects
8.4.1 Recombinant DNA
8.4.2 DNA probes
8.4.3 genetic fingerprinting

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3.8.2.3 Types of Tumours

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