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Study Mind General A-Level / IB Chemistry Course 🧪⚗️
A-Level Chemistry Study Guide: ALL Exam Board Specifications
A-Level Chemistry Part 1 (Chapters 21-45)
A-Level Chemstry Part 2 (Chapters 46-78)
A-Level Chemistry Part 3 (Chapters 79-117)
A-Level Chemistry Part 4 (Chapters 118-161)
A-Level Chemistry Part 5 (Chapters 162-203)
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1.1 Atomic Structure
1.1.1 Fundamental Particles (7:04)
1.1.2 Mass Number and Isotopes (34:22)
1.1.3 Electron Configuration (56:12)
1.2 Amount of Substance
1.2.1 RAM and RMM (11:22)
1.2.2 The Mole and Avogadro Constant (16:27)
1.2.3 The Ideal Gas Equation (9:50)
1.2.4 Empirical and Molecular Formula (20:38)
1.2.5 Balanced Equations and calculations (44:54)
1.3 Bonding
1.3.1 Ionic Bonding (11:24)
1.3.2 Covalent and Dative Covalent Bonding (7:35)
1.3.3 Metallic bonding (3:40)
1.3.4 Bonding and Properties (22:23)
1.3.5 Shapes of molecules and ions (17:55)
1.4 Energetics
1.4.1 Enthalpy Change (7:43)
1.4.2 Calorimetry (14:38)
1.4.3 Applications of Hess's Law (12:58)
1.4.4 Bond Enthalpies (10:21)
1.5 Kinetics
1.5.1 Collision Theory (4:54)
1.5.2 Maxwell-B (3:47)
1.5.3 Temperature (7:13)
1.5.4 Concentration and Pressure (4:04)
1.5.5 Catalysts (4:05)
1.6 Chemical equilibria, Le Chatelier’s principle and Kc
1.6.1 Equilibria (15:44)
1.6.2 Equilibrium Constant Kc (17:28)
1.7 Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Equations
1.7 Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Equations (11:00)
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2.1 Periodicity
2.1.2 Physical Properties of the Period 3 elements (8:23)
2.3 Group 7(17), the halogens
2.3.1 Trends In Properties (13:04)
2.3.2 Uses of Chlorine and Chlorate Ions 1 (5:10)
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3.1 Chemical measurements
3.1.1 Nomenclature (7:07)
3.1.2 Reaction Mechanisms (5:34)
3.1.3. Isomerism (4:58)
3.2 Alkanes
3.2.1 Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil (4:22)
3.2.2 Modification of Alkanes By Cracking (2:57)
3.2.3 Combustion of Alkanes (5:30)
3.2.4 Chlorination of Alkanes (1:58)
3.3 Halogenoalkanes
3.3.1 Nucleophilic Substitution (5:49)
3.3.2 Elimination (2:21)
3.3.3 Ozone Depletion (2:49)
3.3.4 Alkenes
3.4.1 Structure, Bonding and Reactivity (1:45)
3.4.2 Addition Reactions of Alkenes (8:15)
3.4.3 Addition Polymers (7:41)
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Thermodynamics
91. Born-Haber Cycles - Lattice Enthalpies (4:20)
92. Born-Haber Cycles - Enthalpy Key Terms (13:01)
93. Born-Haber Cycles - Construction of Born-Haber Cycles (7:20)
94. Born-Haber Cycles - Calculations (7:25)
95. Born-Haber Cycles - Enthalpy of Hydration (2:42)
96. Born-Haber Cycles - Enthalpy of Solution (2:23)
97. Born-Haber Cycles - Calculating Enthalpy of Solution (3:19)
98. Gibbs Free Energy - Introduction to Entropy (4:11)
99. Gibbs Free Energy - Total Entropy Changes (5:08)
100. Gibbs Free Energy - Entropy Change Predictions (3:21)
101. Gibbs Free Energy - Gibbs Free Energy (3:45)
102. Gibbs Free Energy - Calculations Involving Free Energy (6:06)
OCR A-Level: 3.2.3 Chemical equilibrium
1. Chemical Equilibria and Le Chatelier's Principle (15:52)
OCR A-Level: 4.2.3 Organic synthesis
1. Identification of Functional Groups (10:29)
OCR A-Level: 4.2.4 Analytical techniques
1. Mass Spectrometry (22:25)
OCR A-Level: 5.1.2 How fast?
2. Chemical Equilibria applied to Industry (7:29)
3. Calculations with Equilibrium Constants (22:13)
OCR A-Level: 5.1.3 Acids, Bases and Buffers
1. Brownsted-Lowry Acid-Base Equilibrium (8:42)
3. Neutralisation Reactions (3:39)
11. Titrations (3:37)
OCR A-Level: 5.2.3 Redox and Electrode potentials
5. Commercial Applications of Fuel Cells (11:58)
OCR A-Level: 5.3.1 Transition elements
1. Redox Titrations (4:11)
2. Using Potassium Permanganate in Redox Titrations (15:14)
3. Iodine-Sodium Thiosulfate Titrations (10:10)
OCR A-Level: 6.2.4 Carbon–carbon Bond Formation
2. Friedel-Crafts Acylation and Alkylation (12:16)
3. Amine Synthesis (9:45)
5. Organic Synthesis: Aliphatic Compounds (12:06)
OCR A-Level: 6.2.5 Organic synthesis
1. Practical Preparation Techniques (4:14)
2. Practical Purification Techniques (9:00)
3. Organic Synthesis: Aliphatic Compounds (12:06)
OCR A-Level: 6.3.1 Chromatography and Qualitative Analysis
1. Identification of Functional Groups (10:29)
Atomic Structure - Fundamental Particles
Subatomic Particles (6:54)
Atomic and Mass Numbers (10:15)
Atomic Structure - Mass Number and Isotopes
Element Isotopes (4:42)
Mass Spectrometry (22:25)
Atomic Structure - Electronic Configuration
Electrons in Atoms (13:41)
Electron Arrangement (16:33)
Amount of Substance - Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass
Measuring Relative Masses (9:13)
Amount of Substance - The Mole and the Avogadro Constant
The Mole and the Avogrado Constant (8:58)
Further Mole calculations (17:52)
Amount of Substance - The Ideal Gas Equation
The Ideal Gas Equation (10:14)
Amount of Substance - Formulae and Equations
Empirical and Molecular Formulae (17:15)
Balancing Chemical Equations (20:26)
Stoichiometric Calculations (14:31)
Calculating Percentage Yield (8:47)
Percentage Atom Economy (7:57)
Bonding - Ionic Bonding
Ion Formation (5:51)
Properties of Ionic Bonding (10:33)
Bonding - Covalent and Metallic Bonding
Covalent Bonds (9:05)
Properties of Covalent Structures (5:33)
Properties of Metallic Bonding (5:06)
Bonding - Bonding and Physical Properties
Carbon Allotropes (7:25)
Predicting Bonding Types (7:28)
Bonding - Shapes of Simple Molecules and Bond Polarity
Molecular Shapes (18:20)
Bond Polarity (11:02)
Bonding - Forces Between Molecules
Forces Between molecules (15:06)
Hydrogen Bonding in Water (11:16)
Kinetics - Collision Theory and Boltzmann Distribution
Reaction Rates and the Collision Theory (16:03)
Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution (14:31)
Chemical Equilibria, Le Chatelier's Principle and Kc - Chemical Equilibria and Le Chatelier's Principle
Chemical Equilibria and Le Chatelier's Principle (15:52)
Chemical Equilibria applied to Industry (7:29)
Chemical Equilibria, Le Chatelier's Principle and Kc - Equilibrium Constant Kc for Homogeneous Systems
Calculations with Equilibrium Constants (22:13)
Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Equations - Oxidation Numbers and Redox Reactions
Oxidation States (14:44)
Redox Processes (5:03)
Balancing Redox Equations (12:13)
Periodicity - Classification
Classification (4:05)
Trends along Period 3 (9:04)
Ionisation
Ionisation Energies (24:08)
Group 2 - Group 2 Metals
Group 2, The Alkaline Earth Metals (13:23)
Reactions of Group 2 Elements (16:06)
Uses of Group 2 Elements and their Compounds (5:05)
The Halogens - The Halogens: Reactivity and Properties
Group 7, The Halogens (9:55)
Reactions of the Halogens (10:12)
Disproportionation Reactions in Halogens (9:36)
Reducing power of Halide Ions (11:06)
The Halogens - Tests for Ions
Testing for Ions (9:21)
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Nomenclature
Naming and Representing Organic Compounds (23:07)
Introduction to Functional Groups (4:37)
General Formulae (3:23)
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Reaction Mechanisms
Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry (13:32)
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Isomerism
Isomers (6:26)
E/Z Isomerism (20:45)
Alkanes - Reactions of Alkanes
Alkanes: Properties and Reactivity (21:00)
Obtaining Alkanes (6:06)
Halogenoalkanes - Reactions of Halogenalkanes
Introduction to Halogenoalkanes (10:44)
Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes (16:08)
Halogenoalkanes - Ozone Depletion
Environmental impact of Halogenoalkanes (10:48)
Alkenes -Addition Reactions and Polymers of Alkenes
Alkene Reactivity (20:07)
Addition Polymerisation in Alkenes (10:07)
Alcohols - Reactions of Alcohols
Introduction to Alcohols (7:19)
Alcohol oxidation (9:11)
Reactivity of Alcohols (18:55)
Alcohols - Alcohol Production
Alcohol production (6:33)
Organic Analysis - Identification of Functional Groups
Identification of Functional Groups (10:29)
Organic Analysis - Techniques
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy (12:04)
Thermodynamic - Born-Haber Cycles
Lattice Enthalpies (4:20)
Enthalpy Key Terms (13:01)
Construction of Born-Haber Cycles (7:20)
Calculations involving Born-Haber Cycles (7:25)
Enthalpy of Hydration (2:42)
Enthalpy of Solution (2:23)
Calculating Enthalpy of Solution (3:19)
Thermodynamic - Gibbs Free Energy
Introduction to Entropy (4:11)
Total Entropy Changes (5:08)
Entropy Change Predictions (3:21)
Gibbs Free Energy (3:45)
Calculations involving Free Energy (6:06)
Rate Equations - Rate Equations
Measuring Rate of Reaction
The Rate Equation (2:20)
Introduction to Order of Reactions (2:37)
The Rate Constant (5:11)
Temperature Changes and the Rate Constant (10:18)
Rate Equations - Determination of Rate Equation
Determining Orders of Reaction Graphically (4:49)
Determining Orders of Reactions Experimentally (5:37)
Uses of Clock Reactions (4:09)
Reaction Half Lives
Reaction Determining Steps (5:51)
Equilibrium Constant for Homogenous Systems - Partial Pressure
Gas Partial Pressures (5:19)
Gas Equilibria and Kp (8:55)
Equilibrium Constant for Homogenous Systems - Significance of Equilibrium Constants
Le Chatelier's Principle in Gas Equilibria (4:46)
Changing Kp (4:20)
Electrode Potentials and Electrochemical Cells - Electrode Potentials and Cells
Half Cells and Full Cells (9:56)
Electrode Potentials (14:09)
Representing Electrochemical Cells (3:58)
Electrochemical Cells Reactions (8:08)
Electrode Potentials and Electrochemical Cells - Commercial Applications of Electrochemical Cells
Commercial Applications of Fuel Cells (11:58)
Acids and Bases - Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Equilibria
Brownsted-Lowry Acid-Base Equilibrium (8:42)
Strength of Acids and Bases (3:19)
Neutralisation Reactions (3:39)
Acids and Bases - Definition and Determination of pH
The pH scale and Strong acids (7:14)
The Acid Dissociation Constant, Ka (6:31)
More Ka Calculations (6:14)
Ionic Product of Water (5:11)
pH of Strong Bases (9:52)
Acids and Bases - Weak Acids and Bases
Dilutions and pH (2:25)
Buffer Action (24:38)
Titrations (3:37)
Acid-base Indicators (4:53)
Drawing pH Curves (13:06)
Properties of Period 3 Elements - Reactions of Period 3 Elements and Oxides
Reactivity of Period 3 Elements (5:48)
Properties of Period 3 Compounds (17:47)
Transition Metals - General Properties of Transition Metals
The Transition metals (3:36)
Variable Oxidation States (2:06)
Characteristics of Transition Metals (4:30)
Introduction to Complex Ions (5:57)
Ligands (4:01)
Complex Ion Shape (4:15)
Transition Metals - Isomerism and Ligand Substitution
Cis Trans Isomerism in Complex Ions (3:16)
Optical Isomerism in Complex Ions (2:12)
Colours of Transition Metal Ions (10:35)
Ligand Substitution Reactions (21:43)
Transition Metals - Variable Oxidation States
Redox Reactions Revisited (2:40)
Redox Potentials (4:27)
Redox Titrations (4:11)
Using Potassium Permanganate in Redox Titrations (15:14)
Iodine-Sodium Thiosulfate Titrations (10:10)
Examples of Redox in Transition Metals (8:51)
Transition Metals - Catalysts
12.2, 12.23 (6:15)
Transition Metals as Homogeneous Catalysts (3:10)
Autocatalysis in Transition Metals (2:53)
Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solutions - Reactions of Ions in Solutions
Metal Ions in Solution (8:35)
Precipitation Reactions of Metal Ions in Solution (17:47)
Testing for Cations (5:56)
Testing for Anions (9:08)
Optical Isomerism - Optical Isomerism and Chirality
Optical Isomerism (10:30)
Aldehydes and Ketones - Carbonyl Compounds
Carbonyl Compounds (4:09)
Reactivity of Carbonyl Compounds (11:28)
Testing for Carbonyl Compounds (6:52)
Aldehydes and Ketones - Increasing Carbon Chain Length
Reactions to Increase Carbon Chain Length (4:34)
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives - Carboxylic Acids and Esters
Properties and Reactivity of Carboxylic Acids (16:51)
Properties and Reactivity of Esters (13:03)
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives - Acylation
Acyl Groups (23:56)
Structure of Amides (6:40)
Aromatic Chemistry - Bonding and Aromatic Compounds
Introduction to Benzene (6:35)
Delocalisation Model of Benzene (2:45)
Benzene Nomenclature (4:22)
Aromatic Chemistry - Electrophilic Substitution
Electrophilic Substitution Reactions in Benzene (7:46)
Halogenation Reactions in Benzene (6:29)
Friedel-Crafts Acylation and Alkylation (12:16)
Reactivity of Substituted Benzene (13:09)
Amines - Preparation and Properties of Amines
Introduction to Amines (8:45)
Amine Synthesis (9:45)
Properties and Reactivity of Amines (13:40)
Nitriles (3:02)
1 - Condensation Polymers and Biodegrability
Condensation Polymers (3:48)
Polyamide Formation (3:45)
Polymer Biodegradability (4:04)
Polymer Disposal (2:42)
Amino Acids, Proteins and DNA - Amino Acids and Proteins
Structure of Amino Acids (8:08)
Structure of Proteins (14:15)
Amino Acids, Proteins and DNA - Enzymes
Enzyme Action (4:07)
Amino Acids, Proteins and DNA - DNA Structure
DNA (6:33)
DNA Replication (6:11)
Organic Synthesis - Practical Techniques and Synthesis
Practical Preparation Techniques (4:14)
Practical Purification Techniques (9:00)
Organic Synthesis: Aliphatic Compounds (12:06)
Organic Synthesis: Aromatic Compounds (8:02)
Considerations in Organic Synthesis (1:47)
Analytical Techniques - Chromatography
Chromatography (13:58)
Different Types of Chromatography (9:45)
Analytical Techniques - NMR
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (3:10)
NMR Samples and Standards (2:00)
Types of NMR: Carbon 13 (8:32)
Types of NMR: Hydrogen (6:51)
High Resolution 1H NMR (8:32)
Deuterium use in 1H NMR (6:42)
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3.2.4 Chlorination of Alkanes
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