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Study Mind CIE A-Level Biology 🧬🔬
A-Level Biology Study Guide
A-Level Biology Part 1 (Chapters 1-37)
A-Level Biology Part 2 (Chapters 38-70)
A-Level Biology Part 3 (Chapters 70-130)
A-Level Biology Part 4 (Chapters 130-180)
A-Level Biology Part 5 (Chapters 180-250)
A-Level Biology Part 6 (Chapters 250-306)
Study Mind Flashcards - CIE A-Level Biology
CIE A-Level Biology Flashcards (PDF)
CIE A-Level Biology Flashcards (Interactive)
CIE 1.1 Cell Structure - The Microscope in Cell Studies
CIE Specification - 1.1 The Microscope in Cell Studies
Studying Cells: Light Microscopes (5:48)
Studying Cells: Electron Microscopes (5:58)
Calculating Cell Size (6:19)
Magnification and Resolution (12:14)
CIE 1.2 Cell Structure - Cells as the basic Units of Living Organisms
CIE Specification - 1.2 Cells as the basic Units of Living Organisms
Eukaryotic Cells: Cell Specialisation (22:06)
Structure of Prokaryotic Cells (14:14)
Structure of Viruses (4:42)
Life Cycle and Replication of Viruses (3:51)
The Structure of ATP (1:51)
The Synthesis and Hydrolysis of ATP (3:05)
ATP as an Energy Source (3:17)
Roles of ATP (2:25)
CIE 2.1 Biological molecules - Testing for Biological Molecules
CIE Specification - 2.1 Testing for Biological Molecules
Testing for Carbohydrates (17:35)
Testing for Lipids and Proteins (9:35)
CIE 2.2 Biological molecules - Carbohydrates and Lipids
CIE Specification - 2.2 Carbohydrates and Lipids
Biological Molecules (6:24)
Polymers (4:43)
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (8:23)
Carbohydrates: Disaccharides (5:11)
Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides (5:24)
Function of Polysaccharides (19:18)
Lipids and Triglycerides (4:20)
Ester Bonding (6:36)
Uses of Triglycerides (5:58)
Phospholipids: Introduction (3:04)
Phospholipid Bilayer (3:03)
CIE 2.3 Biological Molecules - Proteins
CIE Specification - 2.3 Proteins
Protein and Amino Acids: An Introduction (2:44)
Protein Formation (4:52)
Protein Structures: Primary and Secondary Structures (3:54)
Protein Structures: Tertiary and Quaternary Structures (9:50)
Protein Structures: Globular and Fibrous Proteins (5:28)
CIE 2.4 Biological Molecules - Water
CIE Specification - 2.4 Water
CIE 3.1 Enzymes - Mode of Action of Enzymes
CIE Specification - 3.1 Mode of Action of Enzymes
Enzymes: Introduction (5:36)
CIE 3.2 Enzymes - Factors that affect Enzyme Action
CIE Specification - 3.2 Factors that affect Enzyme Action
CIE 4.1 Cell Membranes and Transport - Fluid Mosaic Membranes
CIE Specification - 4.1 Fluid Mosaic Membranes
Structure of Cell Membranes (10:28)
Factors Affecting Cell Membrane Structure (11:00)
Function of Cell Membranes (14:01)
Signalling Across Cell Membranes (8:12)
CIE 4.2 Cell Membranes and Transport - Movement Into and Out of Cells
CIE Specification - 4.2 Movement Into and Out of Cells
Transport Across Membranes: Diffusion (9:34)
Transport Across Membranes: Osmosis (11:12)
Investigating Transport Across Membranes (32:58)
Transport Across Membranes: Active Transport (15:56)
CIE 5.1 The Mitotic Cell Cycle - Replication and Division of Nuclei and Cells
CIE Specification - 5.1 Replication and Division of Nuclei and Cells
Cell Division: The Cell Cycle (10:17)
Cell Division: Phases of Mitosis (16:08)
Cell Division: Checkpoints and Mutations (8:57)
Chromosome Translocations (1:41)
Stem Cells and Differentiation (1:11)
Gene Expression in Differentiated Cells (4:19)
Types and Sources of Stem Cells (2:50)
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (1:23)
Uses of Stem Cells (3:52)
The Ethics of Stem Cell Use (3:34)
Epigenetics - DNA Methylation (3:09)
Epigenetics - Histone Modification (2:55)
Types of Tumours (3:00)
Oncogenes (3:38)
Tumour Suppressor Genes (2:59)
Epigentics and Cancer (5:22)
Oestrogen & Breast Cancer (2:55)
Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cancer (2:49)
CIE 5.2 The Mitotic Cell Cycle - Chromosome Behaviour in Mitosis
CIE Specification - 5.2 Chromosome Behaviour in Mitosis
Cell Division: Chromosomes (6:28)
Chromosome Mutations (15:35)
CIE 6.1 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis - Structure of Nucleic Acids and Replication of DNA
CIE Specification - 6.1 Structure of Nucleic Acids and Replication of DNA
Structure of Nucleotides (10:01)
Polynucleotides (6:03)
DNA Structure and the Double Helix (4:17)
DNA Replication (7:36)
CIE 6.2 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis - Protein Synthesis
CIE Specification - 6.2 Protein Synthesis
Genes and Protein Synthesis (5:28)
Introducing the Genetic Code (5:25)
Messenger RNA (15:27)
Transcription (19:52)
Transfer RNA (13:38)
Introduction to Mutations (5:16)
Types of Gene Mutations (5:34)
Duplication & Inversion Mutations (2:13)
Effects of Mutations on Protein Production (2:01)
The Evolutionary Effects of Mutations (5:04)
Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes (3:38)
Post-Transcriptional Regulation: RNA Interference (3:55)
CIE 7.1 Transport in Plants - Structure of Transport Tissues
CIE Specification - 7.1 Structure of Transport Tissues
The Xylem (6:24)
Introduction to Transpiration (6:30)
The Phloem (4:55)
CIE 7.2 Transport in Plants - Transport Mechanisms
CIE Specification - 7.2 Transport Mechanisms
The Pathways and Movement of Water into the Roots and Xylem (8:35)
Importance of and Evidence for Transpiration (4:09)
Evidence of the Mass Flow Hypothesis (10:18)
CIE 8.1 Transport in Mammals - The Circulatory System
CIE Specification - 8.1 The Circulatory System
The Structure and Function of Blood Vessels (15:38)
Exchange in the Capillaries (11:44)
CIE 8.2 Transport in Mammals - Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
CIE Specification - 8.2 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Transport of Oxygen (20:23)
CIE 8.3 Transport in Mammals - The Heart
CIE Specification - 8.3 The Heart
Structure of the Heart (34:08)
Controlling Heart Rate (5:48)
CIE 9.1 Gas Exchange - The Gas Exchange System
CIE Specification - 9.1 The Gas Exchange System
The Need for Exchange Surfaces (2:59)
General Features of Exchange Surface (3:03)
Structure of the Lungs (7:57)
Ventilation (3:47)
Pulmonary Ventilation Rate (6:21)
Lung Disease (11:56)
CIE 10.1 Infectious Diseases - Infectious Diseases
CIE Specification - 10.1 Infectious Diseases
Pathogens and Infectious Diseases (17:47)
CIE 10.2 Infectious Diseases - Antibiotics
CIE Specification - 10.2 Antibiotics
Bacteria, Antibiotics, and Other Sources of Medicines (11:31)
CIE 11.1 Immunity - The Immune System
CIE Specification - 11.1 The Immune System
Primary Defences Against Pathogens (11:35)
Introduction to the Immune System (12:51)
The Innate Immune Response (7:03)
The Adaptive Immune Response (16:44)
CIE 11.2 Immunity - Antibodies and Vaccination
CIE Specification - 11.2 Antibodies and Vaccination
Structure and Function of Antibodies (12:27)
Types of Immunity and Vaccination (16:24)
CIE 12.1 Energy and Respiration - Energy
CIE Specification - 12.1 Energy
The Structure of ATP (1:51)
The Synthesis and Hydrolysis of ATP (3:05)
ATP as an Energy Source (3:17)
Roles of ATP (2:25)
CIE 12.2 Energy and Respiration - Respiration
CIE Specification - 12.2 Respiration
The Krebs Cycle (6:29)
Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Electron Transport Chain (4:48)
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis (6:00)
Anaerobic Respiration (4:07)
Anaerobic Respiration in Mammals, Plants and Fungi (4:44)
CIE 13.1 Photosynthesis - Photosynthesis as an Energy Transfer Process
CIE Specification - 13.1 Photosynthesis as an Energy Transfer Process
Overview of Photosynthesis (1:18)
Site of Photosynthesis (3:44)
Photosystems and Photosynthetic Pigments (2:25)
The 2 Stages of Photosynthesis (7:00)
CIE 13.2 Photosynthesis - Investigation of Limiting Factors
CIE Specification - 13.2 Investigation of Limiting Factors
CIE 14.1 Homeostasis - Homeostasis in Mammals
CIE Specification - 14.1 Homeostasis in Mammals
Thermoregulation (5:59)
The Pancreas (3:29)
Action of Adrenaline (3:48)
The Role of the Liver in Glucose Regulation (2:58)
Types of Diabetes (6:07)
Treating Diabetes (3:25)
The Role of the Kidney (2:16)
The Structure of the Kidney (6:37)
Ultrafiltration (2:37)
Selective Reabsorption (4:07)
The Loop of Henle (3:21)
Producing Urine (6:38)
ADH and Water Potential (1:20)
Releasing ADH (1:39)
The Action of ADH (2:35)
Osmoregulation (4:40)
CIE 14.2 Homeostasis - Homeostasis in Plants
CIE Specification - 14.2 Homeostasis in Plants
Plant Responses to Changes in the Environment (3:31)
CIE 15.1 Control and Coordination - Control and Coordination in Mammals
CIE Specification - 15.1 Control and Coordination in Mammals
The Reflex Arc (5:57)
Nervous Control (5:09)
Photoreceptors (3:34)
The Retina (3:10)
The Resting Potential (11:36)
Depolarisation (6:12)
Depolarisation and Repolarisation in the Action Potential (11:48)
Hyperpolarisation and Transmission of the Action Potential (5:47)
All or Nothing Principle (4:00)
The Refractory Period (3:50)
Myelination (6:56)
Factors Affecting the Speed of Transmission (4:12)
The Structure of the Synapse (3:29)
Synaptic Transmission (6:00)
Inhibitory Synapses (4:31)
Features of Synapses (7:23)
The Neuromuscular Junction (10:42)
How Muscles Allow Movement (4:58)
The Structure of Mammalian Muscles (2:35)
Slow and Fast Twitch Muscles (3:02)
The Structure of Myofibrils (4:01)
The Role of Troponin and Tropomyosin (6:26)
The Ultrastructure of the Sacromere During Contraction (8:25)
Sources of ATP During Contraction (6:01)
Action of Insulin (4:08)
Action of Glucagon (4:11)
CIE 15.2 Control and Coordination - Control and Coordination in Plants
CIE Specification - 15.2 Control and Coordination in Plants
Experiments to Show Phototropism (3:17)
CIE 16.1 Inheritance - Passage of information from Parents to Offspring
CIE Specification - 16.1 Passage of information from Parents to Offspring
Importance of Meiosis (6:08)
Cell Division by Meiosis (23:48)
How Meiosis Produces Variation (12:02)
CIE 16.2 Inheritance - The Roles of Genes in determining the Phenotype
CIE Specification - 16.2 The Roles of Genes in determining the Phenotype
How Meiosis Produces Variation (12:02)
Calculating Genetic Diversity (10:33)
Genotype & Phenotype (3:19)
Terms in Inheritance (3:09)
Genetic Crosses (7:28)
Monohybrid Crosses (2:14)
Monohybrid Crosses Codominance (2:50)
Dihybrid Crosses (3:11)
Autosomal Linkage (2:17)
Sex Linkage (5:23)
Introduction to Epistasis (1:59)
Types of Epistasis (2:08)
Introduction to the Chi Squared Test (1:34)
Using the Chi Squared Test (6:06)
CIE 16.3 Inheritance - Gene Control
CIE Specification - 16.3 Gene Control
CIE 17.1 Selection and Evolution - Variation
CIE Specification - 17.1 Variation
Types of Variation (14:52)
CIE 17.2 Selection and Evolution - Natural and Artificial Selection
CIE Specification - 17.2 Natural and Artificial Selection
Mechanism of Natural Selection (19:19)
Types of Selection (14:22)
Adaptations of Organisms (4:42)
Sources of Variation (2:45)
The Gene Pool (1:36)
Population Genetics (4:51)
Introducing the Hardy Weinberg Principle (1:32)
Using the Hardy Weinberg Principle (2:15)
CIE 17.3 Selection and Evolution - Evolution
CIE Specification - 17.3 Evolution
Evolutionary Process in Small Populations (3:15)
Speciation (6:19)
CIE 18.1 Classification, Biodiversity and Conservation - Classification
CIE Specification - 18.1 Classification
Classifying Organisms (5:41)
Phylogeny and Classification (4:25)
The Three Domain System (9:50)
CIE 18.2 Classification, Biodiversity and Conservation - Biodiversity
CIE Specification - 18.2 Biodiversity
Introducing Biodiversity (6:58)
Biodiversity Calculations (9:54)
Factors Affecting Biodiversity (10:36)
Components of Ecosystems (1:39)
Ecological Niches (1:56)
Population Growth (6:22)
Interactions Between Organisms (4:36)
Succession (4:27)
Managing Biological Resources (5:09)
CIE 18.3 Classification, Biodiversity and Conservation - Conservation
CIE Specification - 18.3 Conservation
Biodiversity and Gene Technology (6:42)
Conservation and Preservation (4:08)
CIE 19.1 Genetic Technology - Principles of Genetic Technology
CIE Specification - 19.1 Principles of Genetic Technology
Whole Genome Sequencing (2:32)
Comparing Genomes Between Individuals (6:21)
Genomes to Proteomes (1:22)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (4:26)
Gel Electrophoresis: Separation of DNA Fragments (4:06)
Gel Electrophoresis: Visualisation of DNA Fragments (2:20)
Isolating the Desired Gene (5:29)
Creating a Recombinant Plasmid (2:46)
Marker Genes (1:28)
Second Marker Genes: Antibiotic Resistance (1:29)
CIE 19.2 Genetic Technology - Genetic Technology applied to Medicine
CIE Specification - 19.2 Genetic Technology applied to Medicine
Principles of Genetic Screening (5:25)
Applications of Genetic Screening (2:55)
DNA Profiling (3:42)
Applications of DNA Profiling (3:50)
CIE 19.3 Genetic Technology - Genetically modified Organisms in Agriculture
CIE Specification - 19.3 Genetically modified Organisms in Agriculture
Benefits & Risks of GM Bacteria (1:52)
Gene Therapy (3:23)
2022
71. Microbial Techniques (7:31)
103. Gas Exchange in Insects (2:23)
104. Gas Exchange in Plants (1:25)
105. Introduction to Xerophytes (1:35)
106. Examples of Xerophytes (2:11)
128. Features of the Genetic Code (15:46)
169. Trophic Levels (2:18)
170. Gross Primary Production (1:06)
172. Measuring Biomass (4:52)
173. Transfer of Biomass (5:05)
174. Sources of Biomass Loss (2:21)
175. Reducing Biomass Loss (4:00)
176. Introduction to Nutrient Cycles (2:35)
177. Nitrogen Cycle: Fixation and Ammonification (3:33)
178. The Phosphorus Cycle (8:25)
179. Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrification and Denitrification (2:57)
184. Taxis and Kinesis (4:40)
190. Pacinian Corpuscle (2:52)
217. Principles of Homeostasis (6:52)
218. Negative Feedback (2:45)
219. Introduction to Communication Systems (4:15)
220. Hormones (1:42)
221. Mode of Action of Hormones (3:12)
165. Respiration of Different Respiratory Substrates (1:36)
166. Respiratory Substrates (1:50)
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CIE Specification - 2.1 Testing for Biological Molecules
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